Decarbonization


SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE HAS BEEN MOUNTING THAT GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IS BEING CAUSED BY MAN-MADE SOURCES OF CO2


The largest sources of man-made atmospheric CO2 Challenges IN THE ATMOSPHERE. are electricity


and heat generation (42%), transportation (23%), and industry (19%). In December 2015, 196 countries signed the COP21 agreement to limit climate change impact to less than 2°C above pre-industrialized levels by reducing CO2


emissions


from all sources. Each country that is part of the agreement is expected to put in place local policies and regulations to achieve their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).


Irrespective of COP21, the power generation industry had been on a path of reducing CO2


emissions. Methods to achieve lower CO2 emissions in the power industry include deploying nuclear


and renewables sources such as wind and solar, retiring coal- fired plants and/or switching from coal to natural gas as a fuel source, and improving the efficiency of existing fossil-fueled generation. The effects of these new or changing fuel sources has implications throughout the energy ecosystem, including new grid infrastructure to accommodate renewables, and natural gas transportation infrastructure improvements. The multi-national progress on COP21 is an unprecedented and important step, with more aggressive actions needed from all CO2


emitting


industries to mitigate the approximately 1/3 increase in global CO2


emissions expected through 2050.


Opportunities Broad consensus of need to curb CO2


emissions


Lower costs for renewable technologies Fuel diversity leads to energy security


Fossil fuels make up the majority of global electricity generation


Some developed grids need to evolve to accommodate renewables penetration


Policies have not kept pace with technology advancements


72


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122